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Writer's pictureJason Galdo

Types of Depression


Types of Depression

Depression is a common mental health condition that affects millions of people around the world. While most people are familiar with the general term "depression," many don’t realize there are different types. Each type can have unique symptoms and triggers, which makes it important to understand the various forms depression can take. Below, we will discuss some of the most common types of depression in a simple and easy-to-understand way.


Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), also known as clinical depression, is the most well-known type of depression. People with MDD experience intense feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and loss of interest in daily activities. These symptoms last for at least two weeks and can significantly interfere with a person’s ability to function.

Some common symptoms include:

  • Persistent sadness

  • Fatigue

  • Difficulty concentrating

  • Changes in sleep patterns (sleeping too much or too little)

  • Loss of interest in hobbies or activities

Treatment for MDD typically includes therapy, medication, or a combination of both. It's essential to seek help if you feel you may be experiencing these symptoms.


Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)

Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD), also known as dysthymia, is a long-term form of depression. While the symptoms may not be as severe as those of MDD, they can last for years—often for two years or more. People with PDD may feel down or sad most of the time and may struggle to find enjoyment in life.

Some signs of PDD include:

  • Low self-esteem

  • Feeling hopeless

  • Lack of energy

  • Difficulty sleeping or sleeping too much

Though the symptoms of PDD are less intense than MDD, their long-lasting nature can be just as challenging to live with.


Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that comes and goes with the seasons, typically starting in the fall or winter and improving in the spring. People with SAD may feel lethargic, moody, and less interested in their usual activities during the colder, darker months. The lack of sunlight in these months is believed to play a role in causing SAD.

Symptoms of SAD include:

  • Lack of energy

  • Overeating, particularly cravings for carbohydrates

  • Difficulty concentrating

  • Feeling irritable or anxious

Light therapy, where individuals are exposed to a special type of light, is often helpful in treating SAD.


Atypical Depression

Atypical depression is another form of depression that has slightly different symptoms from major depression. Unlike typical depression, where people feel down all the time, those with atypical depression may experience temporary mood lifts when something positive happens. However, they can also feel highly sensitive to rejection and face symptoms such as increased appetite or sleeping more than usual.

Symptoms of atypical depression include:

  • Mood swings based on external events

  • Overeating

  • Sleeping too much

  • Feeling heaviness in the arms or legs

Since atypical depression doesn’t follow the "typical" symptoms of depression, it’s important for people to be aware of the differences and seek treatment accordingly.


Postpartum Depression

Postpartum depression occurs after childbirth and affects many new mothers. This type of depression can range from mild to severe and is often accompanied by overwhelming feelings of sadness, fatigue, and worry about caring for the baby. Postpartum depression is not just "baby blues," which are common feelings of sadness and anxiety that go away after a few weeks. Postpartum depression lasts longer and can be more intense.

Symptoms include:

  • Feeling disconnected from the baby

  • Feeling unworthy as a parent

  • Intense sadness or mood swings

  • Anxiety and irritability

Therapy and support from loved ones are crucial for helping mothers overcome postpartum depression.


Bipolar Disorder

Although bipolar disorder is often thought of as a mood disorder rather than depression, it includes depressive episodes as part of the condition. People with bipolar disorder experience extreme mood swings, which include both manic (high-energy) episodes and depressive (low-energy) episodes.

In depressive episodes, the symptoms can be similar to those of major depression:

  • Feeling sad or hopeless

  • Low energy

  • Difficulty concentrating

  • Changes in sleep or appetite

Treatment for bipolar disorder usually involves medication and therapy to help stabilize mood swings.


Depression can come in many forms, each with its own set of symptoms and challenges. Understanding the different types of depression is an important step in seeking the right treatment. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of depression, it’s important to reach out to a healthcare provider for support. Depression is a serious condition, but with the right help, recovery is possible.


If you or a loved one are struggling with mental health issues, please give us a call today at 833-479-0797.

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